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2nd base
U
C
A
G
1st
base
U
UUU (Phe/F)Phenylalanine
UUC (Phe/F)Phenylalanine
UUA (Leu/L)Leucine
UUG (Leu/L)Leucine
UCU (Ser/S)Serine
UCC (Ser/S)Serine
UCA (Ser/S)Serine
UCG (Ser/S)Serine
UAU (Tyr/Y)Tyrosine
UAC (Tyr/Y)Tyrosine
UAA Ochre (Stop)
UAG Amber (Stop)
UGU (Cys/C)Cysteine
UGC (Cys/C)Cysteine
UGA Opal (Stop)
UGG (Trp/W)Tryptophan
C
CUU (Leu/L)Leucine
CUC (Leu/L)Leucine
CUA (Leu/L)Leucine
CUG (Leu/L)Leucine
CCU (Pro/P)Proline
CCC (Pro/P)Proline
CCA (Pro/P)Proline
CCG (Pro/P)Proline
CAU (His/H)Histidine
CAC (His/H)Histidine
CAA (Gln/Q)Glutamine
CAG (Gln/Q)Glutamine
CGU (Arg/R)Arginine
CGC (Arg/R)Arginine
CGA (Arg/R)Arginine
CGG (Arg/R)Arginine
A
AUU (Ile/I)Isoleucine
AUC (Ile/I)Isoleucine
AUA (Ile/I)Isoleucine
AUG (Met/M)Methionine, Start[1]
ACU (Thr/T)Threonine
ACC (Thr/T)Threonine
ACA (Thr/T)Threonine
ACG (Thr/T)Threonine
AAU (Asn/N)Asparagine
AAC (Asn/N)Asparagine
AAA (Lys/K)Lysine
AAG (Lys/K)Lysine
AGU (Ser/S)Serine
AGC (Ser/S)Serine
AGA (Arg/R)Arginine
AGG (Arg/R)Arginine
G
GUU (Val/V)Valine
GUC (Val/V)Valine
GUA (Val/V)Valine
GUG (Val/V)Valine
GCU (Ala/A)Alanine
GCC (Ala/A)Alanine
GCA (Ala/A)Alanine
GCG (Ala/A)Alanine
GAU (Asp/D)Aspartic acid
GAC (Asp/D)Aspartic acid
GAA (Glu/E)Glutamic acid
GAG (Glu/E)Glutamic acid
GGU (Gly/G)Glycine
GGC (Gly/G)Glycine
GGA (Gly/G)Glycine
GGG (Gly/G)Glycine
Ala/A
GCU, GCC, GCA, GCG
Leu/L
UUA, UUG, CUU, CUC, CUA, CUG
Arg/R
CGU, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, AGG
Lys/K
AAA, AAG
Asn/N
AAU, AAC
Met/M
AUG
Asp/D
GAU, GAC
Phe/F
UUU, UUC
Cys/C
UGU, UGC
Pro/P
CCU, CCC, CCA, CCG
Gln/Q
CAA, CAG
Ser/S
UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG, AGU, AGC
Glu/E
GAA, GAG
Thr/T
ACU, ACC, ACA, ACG
Gly/G
GGU, GGC, GGA, GGG
Trp/W
UGG
His/H
CAU, CAC
Tyr/Y
UAU, UAC
Ile/I
AUU, AUC, AUA
Val/V
GUU, GUC, GUA, GUG
START
AUG
STOP
UAG, UGA, UAA
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is the central component of the ribosome, the protein manufacturing machinery of all living cells. The function of the rRNA is to provide a mechanism for decoding mRNA into amino acids and to interact with the tRNAs during translation by providing peptidyl transferase activity
A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is any RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. A previously used synonym, particularly with bacteria, was small RNA (sRNA). However, some ncRNAs are very large (e.g. Xist). Less-frequently used synonyms are non-messenger RNA (nmRNA), small non-messenger RNA (snmRNA), or functional RNA (fRNA). The DNA sequence from which a […]
DNA typing is performed by demonstrating differences in length of specific DNA sequences. This can be done by digestion of DNA with restriction enzyme(s), followed by Southern blot hybridization using a probe specific for the polymorphic site. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques are becoming widely applied to the same task, and have several advantages over […]
Structural proteins that bind DNA are well-understood examples of non-specific DNA-protein interactions. Within chromosomes, DNA is held in complexes with structural proteins. These proteins organize the DNA into a compact structure called chromatin. In eukaryotes this structure involves DNA binding to a complex of small basic proteins called histones, while in prokaryotes multiple types of […]
